http://hdl.handle.net/1834/100 Wed, 22 May 2013 07:56:19 GMT 2013-05-22T07:56:19Z http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1151 Title: Coral reefs and their management in Tanzania Authors: Wagner, G.M. Abstract: Coral reefs are very important in Tanzania, both ecologically and socio-economically, as major fishing grounds and tourist attractions. Numerous fringing and patch reefs are located along about two-thirds of Tanzania’s coastline. These reefs have been partially to severely degraded by human (primarily destructive fishing practices) and natural (particularly coral bleaching) causes. These immediate human causes have been brought about by various socioeconomic root causes, particularly poverty and lack of proper management. After decades of human and natural impacts there has been only limited reef recovery. This paper presents a region-by-region analysis of trends in the condition of coral reefs in Tanzania in relation to the causes of damage. While earlier approaches to management were aimed at non-use of coral reefs in marine protected areas (seldom achieved), recent approaches have aimed at integrated coastal management (ICM) (whether in programs or conservation areas), where zonation into core protected areas and multiple-use areas is based on participatory decision-making involving fishing communities and other stakeholders. Some management initiatives also involve communities in reef monitoring, restoration and ecotourism. This paper examines the management approaches and strategies implemented by various ICM programs, conservation areas and marine parks in Tanzania. It also provides recommendations for further research and coral reef management strategies. Thu, 30 Dec 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1151 2004-12-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1834/214 Title: Shore Morphology and Sediment Characteristics South of Pangani River, Coastal Tanzania Authors: Shaghude, Y.W. Abstract: The shore morphology and nearshore sediments between the Pangani and Kipumbwi rivers were investigated to describe the shore and the reef platform sediments characteristics and also to update information on recent shoreline changes along the Tanzania mainland coast. The information gathered during this study comes from field observations, sediment sampling of the area and interviews with Pangani residents. The investigated area is a patch reef coast with narrow or no beaches and fossil reef terrace islands offshore, Pangani bay and estuary are among the most prominent shore features. Historical information indicates that, both the bay, and the estuary have undergone significant changes during the last 60 years. While the growth of the estuary has mainly been influenced by the reduced fresh water discharges, the bay has been mainly influenced by shore erosion induced by the high wave activity. The distribution of sediments on the sea bottom is mainly controlled by bathymetry, with sand (medium to coarse) dominating water depths less than 10 m and silt dominating depth greater than 15 m. Sediments in water between 10 and 15 m depth are dominated by fine sand/silt. The carbonate production in the investigated area is limited by the high influx of siliciclastic sediments from the Pangani, Kipumbwi and Ushongo Mabaoni depo-centres. While previous studies attribute the disappearance of Maziwi island to sea level rise, the present study considers the anthropogenic influence to be the major causative factor. Sea level is also considered to be one of the potential threats to the preservation of small islands such as the Maziwi, However, the present study believes that if indeed the vegetation on the island has been cleared as is reported, this action has hastened its disappearance. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1834/214 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1834/203 Title: Sharing experinces on mariculture development with stakeholders Authors: Jiddawi, N.S.; Mmochi, A.J. Description: Communication on the development of mariculture activities in Zanzibar, and how the Institute of Marine Sciences in collaboration with other stakeholders are working hard in the program to improve the livelyhood of local people. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1834/203 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1834/195 Title: Remote Sensing for Studying Nearshore Bottom Morphology and Shoreline Changes Authors: Shaghude, Y.W. Abstract: The major objective of the present study is to demonstrate how remote sensing approach can be used for studying nearshore bottom morphology and shoreline changes in coastal Tanzania. Two study sites were used. In the first site, remote sensing satellite Landsat Thematic Mapper data was evaluated against known water depths from conventional echo sounding measurement taken on the eastern side of the channel. The correlation between the remote sensing data and the echo sounding mesurement was rather satisfactory, suggesting that the approach can roughly be used to investigate sea bottom morphology in the nearshore areas. In the second study site, remote sensing satellite data from Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper were used to investigate shoreline changes along the western side of the channel. The results of the study show that the delta and the shoreline north of the delta is currently accreting, where significant accretion has occurred between 1986 and 2000 than before 1986. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1834/195 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z